Sonodynamic and sonomechanical effect on cellular stemness and extracellular physicochemical environment to potentiate chemotherapy

Sonodynamic and sonomechanical effect on cellular stemness and extracellular physicochemical environment to potentiate chemotherapy

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Abstract Background Hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP) is a promising candidate for highly tumor-specific chemotherapy.However, the oxygenation heterogeneity and dense extracellular matrix AEG HG795840NB 75cm wide Gas Hob with Vertical Flush Burners (ECM) of tumor, as well as the potential resistance to chemotherapy, have severely impeded the resulting overall efficacy of HAP.Results A HAP potentiating strategy is proposed based on ultrasound responsive nanodroplets (PTP@PLGA), which is composed of protoporphyrin (PpIX), perfluoropropane (PFP) and a typical HAP, tirapazamine (TPZ).

The intense vaporization of PFP upon ultrasound irradiation can magnify the sonomechanical effect, which loosens the ECM to promote the penetration of TPZ into the deep hypoxic region.Meanwhile, the PpIX enabled sonodynamic effect can further reduce the oxygen level, thus activating the TPZ in the relatively Baby Lotions normoxic region as well.Surprisingly, abovementioned ultrasound effect also results in the downregulation of the stemness of cancer cells, which is highly associated with drug-refractoriness.

Conclusions This work manifests an ideal example of ultrasound-based nanotechnology for potentiating HAP and also reveals the potential acoustic effect of intervening cancer stem-like cells.Graphical Abstract.